Geography/Culture: Eastern European: Poland, Bohemia.
Description: Great creative Earth Mother; Goddess of fertility and the cereal harvest; perhaps Goddess of birth and death; Hag of autumn; Corn (meaning grain, perhaps especially wheat) Mother; Queen of the harvest; She Whose regenerative power lurks in the last standing grain; She Who `sits' in the last sheaf of harvest; She Who insures the fertility of the following harvest; {Matron of reapers}.
The shehe who cuts, or binds, the last sheaf is sometimes called by Her name till the following harvest. It was believed of a woman who bound the last sheaf that she would bear a child within the year.
To Whom Sacred: grains/cereals, rye, wheat, barley, oats; {poppy}; many animals {elaborate, at least fox, mouse}; the last sheaf of grain at harvest, in which She is immanent (often shaped into a figure, usually female, and dressed -- alternatively, a woman or man is wrapped in the last sheaf -- and carried in procession); apron (in the Isle of Lewis Her apron is tucked up and filled with bread, cheese, and a sickle -- in this image She shows a clear connection with Cailleach-Bheur, qv Califia).
Festivals: harvest rituals involving various .ceremonies of cutting, adorning, obtaining and naming the last sheaf.

Titles/Variants, etc:
• In Austria She is called Ährenkönigin, Queen-of-the-Corn-Ears.
• Perhaps related to Egyptian Baba, below.
• In Russian folk-belief She deteriorated into the demon Baba-Yaga, below.
• Perhaps descended from Mesopotamian Bau[?\cyc\g\gula-bau], Whose name, some say is an incorrect reading for Baba, qv Gula-Bau.
• Lithuanian variant: Boba.
• Also called Cailleach, below.
• Also called Korn-Popel, [language unspecified in source, FW].

Geography/Culture: Egyptian.
Description: Goddess of death; She Who devours men's sexual potential; Eater of the entrails of the dead; She from Whom one should pray to be delivered on the day of reckoning.
To Whom Sacred: perhaps the island of Baba, a place associated with the Underworld.
Source: Hooke MEM 76; Walker WEMS 281.

Geography/Culture: Celtic: British.
Linguistic Note: {fophonic rendering undoubtedly incorrect.} Gaelic Cailleach, 'old woman', originally 'nun', f. caille, 'pallium, veil'. An old (Highland) woman, crone, hag. It has been suggested that in this form She is the eponym of Caledonia, a Latin name (of Celtic origin) for North Britain, (all of Scotland or just the Highlands) first noted in Lucan (A.D. 64). I have been unable to check Greek Kaledonia but the Greek kalam- frequently means: 'stalks, either of grain, or reeds'. On the other hand Greek kalli- means 'beautiful', a suitable appellation for Scotland. And of interest: Greek kaly-, 'covering, hood, veil; the calyx, shell or pod of a plant'. Related English words: (perhaps) caul, calyx.
Description: Goddess of domesticated cereals and their harvest; Grain Mother; Harvest Mother; Great Mother; Grandmother; Spirit of growth in grain crops; Giver of fertility; Bestower of children; She Who reproaches procrastination; perhaps Eponym of Caledonia.
Male Associate: Consort: Sometimes the last sheaf is called the Old Man.

Titles/Variants, etc:
• In Poland She is known as Baba, above.
• Variant Cailleac.
• Cailleach-Bheur, (Who is linked with Califia), is sometimes confusingly referred to as Cailleach, but Cailleach-Bheur is a Goddess of mountains and rocks.
• Variant Cailliach.
• In parts of Scotland She is called Carlin, with variants: Carline, and Carley.
• Sometimes She is considered youthful, and is then known as the Shorn-Maiden, or simply the Maiden', see also Core, for a similar figure.
• In Ireland, especially the neighbourhood of Belfast, She is known as Granny, Who is linked with Greine.
• If She may etymologically linked with Kali, as some suggest, the provenance has diverged.
• In North Pembrokeshire, Wales, She is called the Wrach, Hag.