return to Home Page
or move on to Goddess Astart, next chronologically,
or use Her Cyclopedia Index

Ambika, Mother
1MBEK1
Alternate meaning: Little-Mother.
[to Whom the ninth day of December, day 343, is dedicated]

Geography/Culture: Hindustani: Jain.
Linguistic Note: see Amba's linguistic note below.
Description: Goddess of nature, especially Autumn and the harvest; Genetrix; She Whose concern is water conservation and water controlled for use by people; Genitrix and tutelary deity of the Jains; Defeater of demons; She Who assumes the form of Autumn in order to destroy beings through fever and other autumnal diseases; She Who gives Her name {in what Hindustani language(s)?} to autumn as the most productive season; Ruler of the emotions; She Who is to be propitiated at the height of the harvest season, and to be worshiped before digging water-tanks.
To Whom Sacred: animal and human sacrifice; the forehead (seat of the emotions especially of wrath; She gave birth to Kali, Black-One, from Her head); water-reservoirs; grains and fruits.


Amba, Mother.
1MB*

Geography/Culture: Hindustani.
Linguistic Note: In southern Indian languages amba becomes amma and is frequently affixed to names of Goddesses and females in general. It is also a common name for Dravidian Mother Goddesses and may be that from which Uma's name is derived. Compare with German Amme, nurse; Old German, amma.

Source: Stutley HDH 11, 311.
Amma, Grandmother.
1M1
Geography/Culture: Hindustani.

Balambika, Girl-Mother.
B*L*MBYK*

Geography/Culture: Hindustan, South: tantric.


Hemambika, Golden-Mother.
H]M*MBYK*

Geography/Culture: Hindustan: Tantric. She has a shrine in Palghat, South Malabar.
Description: She is represented, not as a figure, but by a pair of hands protruding from a miniature well. Legend attributes this form to the "lewd attentions" of the priestly ministrant responsible for ritually bathing Her.

Source: HDH 37, 111.
Mukhambika, Mouth-Mother.
MWKH*MBYK*

Geography/Culture: Hindustan. She has a shrine in North Cannanore on the Malabar coast.
Description: Only the lower portion of the Goddess's head is depicted.


Sakambhari, Herb-Bearing.
S*K1MBH1RE
Alternate meaning: Herb-Nourishing.

Geography/Culture: Probably of pre-Vedic origin.
It may be She Who is portrayed, upside-down, naked, with a plant issuing from Her womb on an oblong Harappan seal.
Description: Goddess of vegetation; She Who from Her body produces the life-sustaining vegetables.
Iconography: An oblong Harappa seal depicts a nude female figure, upside down, from whose womb issues a plant. A similar Gupta terracotta figure has a lotus issuing from Her neck.

Source: BGH/14; HDH/11, 37, 111, 155, 195, 222, 258-9, 260; NLEM/347 (image...Steatite, 11th cent. A.D. from the Jain temple at Orissa), 375.
worked on: November, September, May 1995; June 1992; August 1991; July 1990.
Return to the top of this document.